Zamek w Edynburgu, Scottish guides, Historic Investigations
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Edinburgh
Castle
In many ways Edinburgh Castle has everything: a huge, forbidding presence,
magnificent royal rooms, the priceless Honours of Scotland and Stone of Destiny,
large numbers of weapons and grim prisons. The castle is unparalleled for the
potential to explore in a single building the defensive role of castles, a medieval
royal residence, a prison of war and a major tourist attraction.
Edinburgh Castle
sites
Investigating
2
Edinburgh Castle
Contents
Edinburgh Castle:
an overview
In this resource you will find:
• suggestions for how a visit to
Edinburgh Castle can provide
support for the 5–14 National
Guidelines
p2
Edinburgh Castle: an
overview
Edinburgh Castle is one of over 300
historically significant properties
throughout Scotland that are looked
after by Historic Scotland. It is
situated on an extinct volcanic outcrop
that has provided a natural defensive
site for settlements and forts since the
Bronze Age. By the 11th century,
kings used the castle as a fortress
and the oldest surviving castle
building, St Margaret’s Chapel, dates
from this period.
How to use this resource
• ideas for integrating a visit with
classroom learning through pre- and
post- visit activities
• a map of Edinburgh Castle with
background information and detailed
guidance notes for three teacher-led
themed tours:
Tour 1: Attackers and defenders
p3
Supporting learning and
teaching
p4
Integrating a visit to
Edinburgh Castle with
classroom studies
p6
Timeline: Edinburgh
Castle
Tour 2: A royal household
Tour 3: Prisons and prisoners
There have been many changes since
then and much of the castle we see today
was built by James IV (1488–1513),
including the Great Hall and the Royal
Apartments. However, by the time his
granddaughter, Mary Queen of Scots,
came to the throne, Stirling Castle and
Holyrood Palace had become the
favoured royal palaces.
p7
Map of Edinburgh Castle
How to book a visit
Historic Scotland operates a free
admission scheme for education
groups visiting Edinburgh Castle
between the months of September to
April inclusive. During the months of
May, June, July and August there is a
small charge per pupil. You can book a
visit by telephoning Historic Scotland’s
Education Unit on 0131 668 8793.
p8
Themed teacher-led
tours of Edinburgh
Castle
p9
Tour 1:
Attackers and
Defenders
Edinburgh Castle was probably used as
a prison from its earliest days as a
fortress and from the mid 18th century
held hundreds of soldiers and sailors
captured in the wars with Europe and
America. The castle was an active
army garrison until 1923 and even
today, the regiment stationed there
still guards the castle.
How to use this
resource
p17
Tour 2:
A Royal
Household
Find out more about the Education Unit
and the service it offers by logging on
to the Historic Scotland website:
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/
education_unit
p22
Tour 3:
Prisons and
Prisoners
p27
Additional resources
This resource is aimed at teachers
planning to visit Edinburgh Castle with
their pupils.
It focuses on three different aspects of
castle life, inspiring learning about the
role of Edinburgh Castle throughout
the centuries, as a
fortress,
as a
royal residence
and as a
prison.
Pupils at Edinburgh Castle
HISTORIC SCOTLAND
Edinburgh Castle
3
Supporting learning
and teaching
Education for Citizenship
A visit to Edinburgh Castle can help pupils to develop
informed attitudes, to recognise their role as young
citizens, to be aware of their heritage and the need to
conserve it.
Many of the activities suggested in this resource
complement the Social Subjects component of the
Environmental Studies 5–14 Curriculum Guidelines.
They focus mainly on the attainment outcome People in
the Past at levels A–D and can be easily adapted for all
levels of pupils.
You might want to explore matters about how and why
Historic Scotland preserves Edinburgh Castle for
the future.
Similar issues can then start to be explored in relation
to pupils’ local heritage, raising awareness of their local
environment and their place within it.
The activities also support Environmental Studies 5–14
in relation to skills development by providing
opportunities for pupils to:
• are there any buildings locally in the care of Historic
Scotland or similar organisations?
• find simple pieces of information from
displays/fieldwork
• how and why do the organisations look after them?
• what problems are there in looking after historic
buildings?
• select, record, process and classify information
• present simple conclusions based on findings.
• what part do local people play in looking after them?
• what part can pupils play?
Environmental Studies 5–14 – Social Subjects:
People in the past
Knowledge and Understanding –
Strands
Teaching Activities
Learning Outcomes
People, events and societies
Visit Edinburgh Castle and follow the
themed tours outlined in the pack
Recognise that Edinburgh Castle was
the home of Scottish kings and queens
in the past and be able to describe
some of the events that took place
there
Change, continuity, cause and effect
Look for evidence of damage, rebuilding
and strengthening defences
Be able to explain some reasons why
Edinburgh Castle has changed over
hundreds of years
Time and historical sequence
Look at different parts of the castle and
weaponry from different periods of time
Be able to identify some of the changes
that have taken place and put them in
sequence
Nature of historical evidence
Visit the castle and look for actual
evidence that survives today as well
ways in which we preserve the past
Be able to identify the variety of real
historical evidence around them in the
castle
Be able to explain the role of Historic
Scotland and similar organisations in
preserving our heritage
HISTORIC SCOTLAND
4
Edinburgh Castle
Integrating a visit with
classroom studies
For assessment purposes you might want to conduct a
benchmarking activity prior to the visit which records
pupils’ knowledge and understanding about whatever
aspect of castles your visit will be focusing on.
For example, you could ask pupils to draw/design a
castle with strong defences to keep out the enemy and
withstand a siege. Pupils could label all part of the
defences. Pupils could undertake the same activity
after their visit and compare the two designs to see
how much they have learned.
Educational visits have the greatest value if they are
built into the original planning of topics. We recommend
you plan your visit somewhere in the middle of your
studies, giving your pupils time to become familiarised
with the project and what they might expect to see.
Before the visit:
Working on site
• Log on to the Historic Scotland website: www.historic-
scotland.gov.uk for more information about Edinburgh
Castle, other educational resource materials and our
programme of on-site activities and events.
• A free planning visit before taking your class to
Edinburgh Castle helps to familiarise you with the site,
its facilities and the evidence it offers. To book a free
planning visit telephone 0131 668 8793.
The guidance notes for the themed tours (page 8) will
help you to concentrate pupils efforts on looking for
physical evidence of construction and events that took
place at Edinburgh Castle. If you wish, they could
compile their own evidence record. (An example of this,
which can be adapted to your needs, is included as
Copy master 1). The aim of the evidence record should
be to encourage development of observational,
descriptive and recording skills rather than to look for
answers to specific questions which they can equally
well find out from books or other media in the
classroom.
With pupils:
• Have a general discussion about who lived in castles
and what they were used for in the past. Ask them
how this is different from the way castles are
used today
• Look at maps of the Edinburgh area. If possible
compare maps from different time periods and
discuss the changes they see
The evidence record can ask pupils to use the headings
‘I see’, ‘I hear’, and ‘I feel’ at chosen locations, to look
for clues to explain what went on at the site, and to
look for evidence of changes or damage to buildings.
Pupils can record by:
• Discuss the castle’s defensive position.
• taking notes of factual information
Explain that during their visit pupils will see:
• making quick diagrams of specific details
•
A fortress:
built to protect its inhabitants over
the centuries
• taking photographs significant features or views
•
Royal apartments:
where kings, queens and their
households lived in the past
• using tape-recorders to describe what they see, hear,
feel and smell.
•
Two types of prisons:
vaults that held prisoners of
war captured when they were fighting for their
country; a Victorian military prison where soldiers
from the castle’s garrison were imprisoned for
minor offences
•
A major tourist attraction:
that attracts over a
million visitors a year.
HISTORIC SCOTLAND
Edinburgh Castle
5
A decorated box
Suggestions for
follow-up work
A Royal Household
• Copy master 3 uses a comic strip
approach to encourage pupils to tell
their own story about a banquet
which took place in the Great Hall at
Edinburgh Castle.
You will need:
A box or tin
Following the visit your pupils can pool
their findings to form a broad view of
Edinburgh Castle and what life would have
been like for those who defended the
castle, lived or were imprisoned there.
Old magazines,
wrapping paper,
postcards, stamps etc
• Devise drama activities following a
visit to the Great Hall, e.g secret
discussions between the king’s
enemies that are overheard by the
king sitting behind his listening hole.
Scissors
This can form the basis for a wide
range of Language and Expressive
Arts activities, such as role-play,
drama or compiling their own
guidebook/leaflet. To augment their
learning you might want your pupils to
interview local historians or museum
curators to get their view. These
activities can:
Glue
Clear water based
varnish
• In and around the Royal Palace and
Crown Square you will see examples
of the intertwined initials and
important dates of certain kings and
queens. Pupils could experiment with
designs using their own initials
and/or their date of birth.
Fine sandpaper
A paintbrush
To do:
1 Make sure the box is
clean and smooth. Peel
off any labels.
• Develop skills and techniques in
Language and the Expressive Arts
• Discuss what a coat-of-arms is and
who is likely to have one. Look at
examples in books, badges, shields
(your school may have one) etc and
discuss colours, shapes and
symbols. Pupils could design their
own coat of arms and think of a
motto to accompany it. The Historic
Scotland Heraldry resource pack can
help you with this (see page31).
• Consolidate and expand knowledge
and understanding about people in
the past and people and place
2 Cut out pictures you
want to decorate the
box with.
• Help to develop informed attitudes
about the ways in which our
heritage is preserved.
3 Stick them on the to
box, smoothing them
out to get rid of any air
bubbles. Carry on until
you have covered
the box.
Here are some ideas for follow-up
work related to the specific themes.
Prisons and Prisoners
Attackers and Defenders
• Copy master 4 focuses on the
evidence of everyday living in a
prison of war.
• Ask pupils to use what they have
found out about the defensive
features of Edinburgh Castle to write
an account imagining what it would
be like being a soldier in an army
that is either attacking or defending
the castle.
• Copy master 5 compares life in the
prisons of war with the military
prison. After completing this the
class could be divided to write diary
entries of a prisoner from one or
other of the prisons and compare
the results.
• Use Copy master 2 to increase pupils’
understanding about the development
of weapons in the Middle Ages by
making their own timeline of the
weapons they have seen.
• Discuss how prisoners used scrap
materials such as straw and bone
into games for passing the time or
craft work which they could sell.
Pupils could make their own games
and objects from recycled materials.
• Activities in the Historic Scotland
Siege Engines resource pack help
pupils to further their knowledge and
understanding about the technology
involved in medieval siege warfare
(see page 31).
HISTORIC SCOTLAND
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